QCAA Psychology Social psychology

The 'learner' was a confederate (actor) who did not actually receive shocks, so participants did not cause actual distress to another person; the ethical concern focuses on the distress of the participant.

The participants acted as 'teachers' and were not the ones subjected to the learning protocol; the cover story claimed the learner was being punished to enhance learning, not the participant.

A major ethical criticism of the study was the extreme psychological stress, anxiety, and potential lasting harm inflicted on participants who believed they were seriously injuring another human being.

This description aligns more closely with conformity studies (like Asch's) where social pressure influences opinions; Milgram's study focused on obedience to authority regarding actions, not the expression of views.

This is incorrect because cognitive developmental theory views children as active participants who construct their own understanding, not as passive observers. Additionally, Theory 2 describes cognitive categorization rather than biological determinants like genetics or hormones.

Theory 1 describes learning through environmental observation, which is characteristic of social learning, not biological theories. While Theory 2's description of mental categories fits gender schema theory, the identification of Theory 1 makes this option incorrect.

This reverses the concepts or misidentifies them. Gender schema theory is a cognitive approach involving active processing, not passive observation. Conversely, Theory 2 describes the formation of internal categories, which is a cognitive process rather than the external modeling focus of social learning theory.

Social learning theory posits that children learn gender roles through observation, imitation, and reinforcement, often characterizing the child as a more passive recipient of environmental influence. Cognitive developmental theory argues that children actively form mental categories (schemas) for gender and organize information around them.